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Common biases in client involved decision-making in the AEC industry

Sujesh F. SUJAN, Arto KIVINIEMI, Steve W. JONES, Jacqueline M. WHEATHCROFT, Eilif HJELSETH

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第2期页码 221-238 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0026-3

摘要： Understanding of the constitution of client involved decisions is important for future improvements of the processes. Significant decisions in construction projects are reliant on heuristic processes where assumptions are developed from past experience. The paper presents a methodology to collect empirical data in an unstructured manner utilizing participant intuition and experience regarding project level collaboration, a term easily understood by practitioners. Empirical data collected from 6 focus group discussions in Norway and 18 individual interviews in Finland is associated with biases in decision making aimed at bridging the gap of understanding and literature’s insufficient coverage. An analytic framework was developed to suit the diverse emergence of concepts to allow application of psychological principles in a structured manner to empirical data. The paper contributes by identifying types of cognitive and motivational biases in client involved decisions. The biases are found to be alleviated by one another depending on the particular application of the decision. Findings suggest that normative beliefs exist developed from past experience and habitual thinking. A number of emerged biases in this domain are alleviated from normative beliefs which are discussed in this paper.

关键词： collaboration construction industry social science decision-making client cognitive bias motivational bias holistic analysis human factor

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Capacity analysis for cognitive heterogeneous networks with ideal/non-ideal sensing

Tao HUANG, Ying-lei TENG, Meng-ting LIU, Jiang LIU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第1期页码 1-11 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400129

摘要： Due to irregular deployment of small base stations (SBSs), the interference in cognitive heterogeneous networks (CHNs) becomes even more complex; in particular, the uncertainty of spectrum mobility aggravates the interference context. In this case, how to analyze system capacity to obtain a closed-form expression becomes a crucial problem. In this paper we employ stochastic methods to formulate the capacity of CHNs and achieve a closed-form expression. By using discrete-time Markov chains (DTMCs), the spectrum mobility with respect to the arrival and departure of macro base station (MBS) users is modeled. Then an integral method is proposed to derive the interference based on stochastic geometry (SG). Also, the effect of sensing accuracy on network capacity is discussed by concerning false-alarm and miss-detection events. Simulation results are illustrated to show that the proposed capacity analysis method for CHNs can approximate the conventional sum methods without rigorous requirement for channel station information (CSI). Therefore, it turns out to be a feasible and efficient way to capture the network capacity in CHNs.

关键词： Cognitive heterogeneous networks Markov chain Stochastic geometry Homogeneous Poisson point process (HPPP)

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A combined modulated feedback and temperature compensation approach to improve bias drift of a closed-loop

Ming-jun MA,Zhong-he JIN,Hui-jie ZHU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第6期页码 497-510 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400349

摘要： The bias drift of a micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometer suffers from the 1/ noise and the temperature effect. For massive applications, the bias drift urgently needs to be improved. Conventional methods often cannot address the 1/ noise and temperature effect in one architecture. In this paper, a combined approach on closed-loop architecture modification is proposed to minimize the bias drift. The modulated feedback approach is used to isolate the 1/ noise that exists in the conventional direct feedback approach. Then a common mode signal is created and added into the closed loop on the basis of modulated feedback architecture, to compensate for the temperature drift. With the combined approach, the bias instability is improved to less than 13 μ , and the drift of the Allan variance result is reduced to 17 μ at 100 s of the integration time. The temperature coefficient is reduced from 4.68 to 0.1 m /°C. The combined approach could be useful for many other closed-loop accelerometers.

关键词： Bias drift Closed-loop MEMS accelerometer Modulated feedback approach Temperature compensation

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Dependence of error sensitivity of frequency on bias voltage in force-balanced micro accelerometer

Lili CHEN, Wu ZHOU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第8卷第2期页码 146-149 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0260-z

摘要：

To predict more precisely the frequency of force-balanced micro accelerometer with different bias voltages, the effects of bias voltages on error sensitivity of frequency is studied. The resonance frequency of accelerometer under closed loop control is derived according to its operation principle, and its error sensitivity is derived and analyzed under over etching structure according to the characteristics of Deep Reaction Ion Etching (DRIE). Based on the theoretical results, micro accelerometer is fabricated and tested to study the influences of AC bias voltage and DC bias voltage on sensitivity, respectively. Experimental results indicate that the relative errors between test data and theory data are less than 7%, and the fluctuating value of error sensitivity under the range of voltage adjustment is less than 0.01 μm . It is concluded that the error sensitivity with designed parameters of structure, circuit and process error can be used to predict the frequency of accelerometer with no need to consider the influence of bias voltage.

关键词： Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) micro accelerometer force-balanced micro accelerometer frequency error sensitivity

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A method for quantifying bias in modeled concentrations and source impacts for secondary particulate

Cesunica E. Ivey, Heather A. Holmes, Yongtao Hu, James A. Mulholland, Armistead G. Russell

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0866-6

摘要： A method for quantifying source impacts for secondary PM species is derived. The method provides estimates of bias in modeled concentrations. Adjusted concentrations match corresponding observations at monitored locations. Sources impacts on secondary species are estimated over the US for 20 sources. Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ) estimates of sulfates, nitrates, ammonium, and organic carbon are highly influenced by uncertainties in modeled secondary formation processes, such as chemical mechanisms, volatilization, and condensation rates. These compounds constitute the majority of PM mass, and reducing bias in estimated concentrations has benefits for policy measures and epidemiological studies. In this work, a method for adjusting source impacts on secondary species is developed that provides estimates of source contributions and reduces bias in modeled concentrations compared to observations. The bias correction adjusts concentrations and source impacts based on the difference between modeled concentrations and observations while taking into account uncertainties at the location of interest; and it is applied both spatially and temporally. We apply the method over the US for 2006. The mean bias for initial CMAQ concentrations compared to observations is −0.28 (OC), 0.11 (NO ), 0.05 (NH ), and −0.08 (SO ). The normalized mean bias in modeled concentrations compared to observations was effectively zero for OC, NO , NH , and SO after applying the secondary bias correction. 10-fold cross-validation was conducted to determine the performance of the spatial application of the bias correction. Cross-validation performance was favorable; correlation coefficients were greater than 0.69 for all species when comparing observations and concentrations based on kriged correction factors. The methods presented here address model uncertainties by improving simulated concentrations and source impacts of secondary particulate matter through data assimilation. Secondary-adjusted concentrations and source impacts from 20 emissions sources are generated for 2006 over continental US.

关键词： Particulate matter Source apportionment Secondary particulate matter Chemical transport modeling Receptor modeling

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基于Self-X认知制造网络实现认知大规模个性化定制——一种工业知识图谱及图嵌入技术使能的途径

李心雨, 郑湃, 鲍劲松, 高亮, 徐旬

《工程（英文）》 2023年第22卷第3期页码 14-19 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.08.018

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风包粉系列浓淡煤粉燃烧技术的研究

秦裕琨,李争起,孙锐,陈力哲,孙绍增,朱群益,李瑞扬,高继慧,吴少华

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第11期页码 42-49

摘要：

总结了哈尔滨工业大学15年来对浓淡煤粉燃烧技术的研究成果，阐述了浓淡煤粉燃烧技术的原理及所具有的风包粉流动特点，并通过工业试验验证了风包粉原理。针对我国电站锅炉燃煤的特点，提出了需要解决的5个问题，指出了浓淡燃烧技术的发展方向。

关键词：锅炉燃烧器浓淡燃烧 NO_x

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认知无线电网络中利用信道冲击响应的主用户仿真攻击检测技术 Article

Qiao-mu JIANG, Hui-fang CHEN, Lei XIE, Kuang WANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第18卷第10期页码 1665-1676 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700203

摘要：认知无线电通过将空闲频谱动态地分配给未授权用户,可以有效地解决频谱资源稀缺的问题。然而，在认知无线电网络中，存在着一种严重的拒绝服务攻击，称为“主用户仿真攻击”，该攻击会导致认知无线电网络系统性能的下降。在本文中，我们提出了一种在认知无线电网络中利用无线信道信息进行主用户仿真攻击检测的方法。在该方法中，我们利用信号源与从用户之间信道冲激响应的独特性，判断从用户接收到的信号来源是主用户还是仿真主用户。我们进一步推导了所提出检测方法的虚警概率和检测概率的闭合表达式。另外，为使所提出的检测方法在从用户没有主用户信号结构和内容先验信息的场景下也能顺利工作，我们提出了一种改进的基于子空间的盲信道估计方法。仿真结果表明，即使主用户与仿真主用户到从用户之间信道冲激响应的差别较小，所提出的主用户仿真攻击检测方法也能取得较好的检测性能。

关键词：认知无线电网络；主用户仿真攻击；基于子空间的盲信道估计；信道冲击响应

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基于强化模糊认知图实现数据与知识协作的氟化铝添加量决策方法 Article

岳伟超, 桂卫华, 陈晓方, 曾朝晖, 谢永芳

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第6期页码 1060-1076 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.10.005

摘要：

在铝电解过程中，添加氟化铝能降低电解质的初晶温度，从而提高电流效率。氟化铝添加量的决策是一项复杂的知识型工作，需要考虑许多相关的因素，在实际生产中主要依赖于人工经验。由于工艺人员的主观性以及铝电解槽的复杂性，基于知识或者基于数据的决策方法难以保证添加的准确性。现有的决策方法难以囊括复杂的因果关系。本文针对氟化铝添加量的决策提出了一种基于强化模糊认知图的数据与知识协作策略。在这种方法中，改进的模糊k均值和模糊决策树用于提取模糊规则，其中提取的规则用于修正专家提出的初始框架。同时，采用状态转移优化算法（STA）获取强化模糊认知图的权重。将提出的方法与已有方法进行对比，结果表明，强化模糊认知的收敛速度快于基于Hebbian学习方法、粒子群优化方法以及遗传算法。不仅如此，基于所提方法氟化铝添加量的决策准确率高于其他方法。因此，针对氟化铝添加量的决策，本文提出的方法是有效的。

关键词：氟化铝添加模糊认知图学习方法状态转移优化方法模糊决策树

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基于人的信息处理模型分析操作人员视觉信息处理过程

金银花,李桢业,古辉,汤一平

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第5期页码 57-61

摘要：

报告了由知觉、思维、运动３个处理器和短期记忆、工作记忆和长期记忆构成的研究用计算机实现人的信息处理模型；把人的信息处理模型安装在一台PC机上，模拟生产操作人员监视锅炉厂模拟机计算机屏幕的过程表明，视觉信息处理过程取决于画面因素、人的身心状态和知觉处理器参数等与实际生产操作人员的行为特征相符。此模型可以用来分析工业生产中人为操作失误的发生机制，以预防和减少事故发生。

关键词：人的信息处理模型知觉处理器视觉信息处理心理状态人为操作失误

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大规模天线多入多出认知无线网络中的多用户传输速率和能量分析 None

Shang LIU, Ishtiaq AHMAD, Ping ZHANG, Zhi ZHANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第19卷第5期页码 674-684 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700081

摘要：讨论了在包含中继和大规模多入多出天线下的认知无线网络传输性能和能量分配问题。首先得到了在不考虑认知情况下的中继辅助大规模天线网络的下行传输性能，运用功率分配准则，第k个用户的渐近信干噪比与快衰落无关，当基站天线数和中继天线数的比值趋于无穷大时，整个传输过程的传输性能只与从中继到用户侧的传输有关，而与另外一侧的传输无关。接着给出了在完美和非完美信道情况下的认知大规模多入多出天线中继网络性能的闭式表达式。当主用户基站、次级用户基站、中继基站的天线数目趋于无穷大时，传输性能与快衰落无关，主、次网络之间的干扰能被完全消除，次级网络传输性能与干扰温度无关，次级网络可用峰值功率进行传输而不对主用户网络产生干扰。定义了主用户网络的效用函数，通过凸优化分析得到最佳中继发射功率。系统仿真验证了该结论。通过仿真，得到了系统传输速率与天线数目、中继功率、天线数目比值的关系。在多用户认知无线网络中，运用大规模多入多出天线的线性预编码方式能够极大减少干扰，提高传输效率，主用户网络和次级用户网络可以独立传输。

关键词：大规模多入多出；认知无线电；中继网络；传输速率；功率分析

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Vein of Galen malformations - report of 2 cases and literature review

CAI Chunquan, ZHANG Qingjiang, SHEN Changhong

《医学前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第3期页码 317-322 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0061-7

摘要： Vein of Galen malformations (VGMs) are rare, consisting approximately 1% of intracranial vascular malformations, but nearly one third of pediatric vascular malformations, which can cause severe morbidity and mortality in infants and older children, but more particularly in neonates. We presented 2 patients with VGMs which were confirmed by characteristic clinical symptoms and neuroradiological findings (including CT, MRI and/or angiography). One patient underwent embolization followed by CT, MRI and conventional angiography. The patient’s neurological and cognitive status was normal at present. The other neonate died of congestive heart failure 36 h after birth.

关键词： underwent embolization angiography pediatric vascular cognitive characteristic

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Agent的PASS-BDI模型

樊玮,陈增强,袁著祉

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第6期页码 43-49

摘要：

Agent的BDI模型主要基于Bratman提出的理性主体理论，未能充分体现Agent主动性的认知过程，使Agent的问题求解和心智状态之间的关系未得到充分表达，且难于编程实现。将Das等人提出的计划—注意—同时性加工—继时性加工认知过程模型引入Agent的理论研究中，建立了Agent的PASS-BDI模型，利用多价π-演算从心智状态，认知过程，整体行为等几个方面刻画了该模型的静态和动态特征，并将研究结果应用于多Agent组织中Agent行为特征的刻画。PASS-BDI模型加强了对Agent主动性认知过程的刻画，且易于编程实现。

关键词：主体 π-演算认知过程心智状态

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Social media and mobility landscape: Uncovering spatial patterns of urban human mobility with multi source data

Yilan Cui, Xing Xie, Yi Liu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1068-1

摘要：

Check-in and survey data are explored to identify personal activity-specific places.

Ways for detecting and moderating sample bias of Weibo check-in data is proposed.

A graphic representation of urban activity intensity in Beijing, China is presented.

The potential application of Weibo check-in data for urban analysis is introduced.

关键词： Social media Human mobility Population bias Sample reconstruction Data integration

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天津滨海新区产后妇女对避孕相关问题的认知现状分析

秦丽艳

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第6期页码 53-56

摘要：

通过对天津滨海新区产后妇女对避孕相关问题的认知现状的调查分析，以期认识到提高产后妇女的整体避孕意识的必要性。采用自行设计问卷，由固定医师进行询问并填写问卷。产后妇女中81.9 %的人知道产后应该避孕，但只有46.9 %知道产后高危人工流产的危害，48.8 %的产后妇女没有避孕计划或打算3个月后再采取避孕措施，47.2 %的产后妇女计划或已于首次性生活采取避孕措施，其中学历高、职业为干部组、剖宫产的产后妇女避孕意识较好，258人（80.6 %）通过住院分娩或产后访视得知产后应避孕，207人（64.7 %）在产后避孕方法上首选避孕套。产后妇女选择长效可靠避孕措施的少，医护工作者应提高对产后妇女有关产后避孕的指导和宣传，提高产后妇女对避孕效果可靠措施的使用率，提高产后妇女的生活质量。

关键词：产后妇女；避孕；人工流产

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标题作者时间类型操作

Common biases in client involved decision-making in the AEC industry

Sujesh F. SUJAN, Arto KIVINIEMI, Steve W. JONES, Jacqueline M. WHEATHCROFT, Eilif HJELSETH

期刊论文

Capacity analysis for cognitive heterogeneous networks with ideal/non-ideal sensing

Tao HUANG, Ying-lei TENG, Meng-ting LIU, Jiang LIU

期刊论文

A combined modulated feedback and temperature compensation approach to improve bias drift of a closed-loop

Ming-jun MA,Zhong-he JIN,Hui-jie ZHU

期刊论文